吳振坤
2023年12月召開的(de)中(zhong)央(yang)經(jing)濟工作(zuo)會議強調，打造低空(kong)經(jing)濟等戰(zhan)略性(xing)新(xin)(xin)興(xing)產業，以科(ke)技創新(xin)(xin)引領現(xian)代化產業體系建設。省(sheng)委(wei)經(jing)濟工作(zuo)會議也要求，找準新(xin)(xin)產業新(xin)(xin)賽(sai)道的(de)切入(ru)點，把未來產業作(zuo)為打造新(xin)(xin)質生產力的(de)關鍵。搶抓機(ji)遇(yu)，利用我省(sheng)產業基(ji)礎和市場(chang)優勢，加快(kuai)(kuai)低空(kong)經(jing)濟發展，是貫徹落實(shi)黨(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)、省(sheng)委(wei)決策部署的(de)重要舉措，對實(shi)施“十大戰(zhan)略”、加快(kuai)(kuai)現(xian)代化河南(nan)建設具有重要意義。
低空經濟發展(zhan)空間可觀
低(di)空(kong)經濟是以(yi)民用(yong)有人(ren)駕駛(shi)和無(wu)人(ren)駕駛(shi)航空(kong)器（以(yi)下簡稱“無(wu)人(ren)機(ji)”）為主(zhu)，以(yi)載(zai)人(ren)、載(zai)貨(huo)和其他低(di)空(kong)飛(fei)行(xing)作業活動為牽引(yin)，輻(fu)射帶(dai)動相關領域融合(he)發展的綜(zong)合(he)性經濟形(xing)態，主(zhu)要包括(kuo)低(di)空(kong)制造、低(di)空(kong)保(bao)障、低(di)空(kong)飛(fei)行(xing)及綜(zong)合(he)服務等(deng)重點方向。
低(di)(di)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)經(jing)(jing)濟以(yi)低(di)(di)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)域資源為空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間依(yi)托，尤其是(shi)隨著(zhu)低(di)(di)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)飛行(xing)和無人(ren)機產(chan)(chan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，低(di)(di)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)域蘊藏的(de)巨大經(jing)(jing)濟價值進一(yi)步凸顯。民用航(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)器在(zai)低(di)(di)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)域的(de)飛行(xing)活動，如載人(ren)、載貨以(yi)及低(di)(di)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)游覽(lan)、農林作業(ye)等，不(bu)僅直接滿足(zu)了(le)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)活需要，創造(zao)了(le)經(jing)(jing)濟社(she)會價值，而且(qie)能夠帶(dai)來一(yi)系列(lie)的(de)投(tou)資和消費。低(di)(di)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)經(jing)(jing)濟產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)上游為低(di)(di)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)航(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)器研(yan)發(fa)(fa)、制(zhi)造(zao)、銷售等，下游為各種(zhong)(zhong)低(di)(di)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)飛行(xing)活動和相關(guan)(guan)服務(wu)保障，以(yi)及對空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)域和地面(mian)基(ji)礎設(she)施的(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)、建設(she)和運營服務(wu)保障等，并衍(yan)生(sheng)出(chu)教(jiao)育培(pei)訓、金融(rong)、維修、中介等一(yi)系列(lie)服務(wu)需求。低(di)(di)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)經(jing)(jing)濟產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)條長、服務(wu)范圍廣(guang)，能夠與一(yi)、二、三產(chan)(chan)業(ye)深度融(rong)合(he)，而且(qie)局地性特征明顯，與區(qu)域經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)緊密(mi)關(guan)(guan)聯，是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)域性、綜合(he)性經(jing)(jing)濟形態。
低空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)環境逐步優化(hua)。國家陸續(xu)出臺(tai)相(xiang)關(guan)政(zheng)策(ce)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)低空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)創造了良(liang)好政(zheng)策(ce)環境，2010年以來全國空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)管(guan)(guan)體制改革和(he)低空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)域管(guan)(guan)理(li)改革不斷(duan)深化(hua)，尤(you)其是《民用(yong)(yong)無人駕駛(shi)航空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)器飛行(xing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)暫行(xing)條例(li)》于2024年1月開始實(shi)施(shi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)無人機產(chan)業加速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)打開了空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)。隨著經(jing)濟社會發(fa)展(zhan)，低空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)飛行(xing)應用(yong)(yong)場(chang)景不斷(duan)拓展(zhan)，市場(chang)需求持續(xu)擴大(da)。我國無人機技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)已迅速(su)趕上且在相(xiang)關(guan)領域實(shi)現了技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)引(yin)領，5G、北斗衛(wei)星導航、大(da)數據、高能(neng)量密度電池(chi)和(he)氫能(neng)等技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的快速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)，數字化(hua)、網絡化(hua)、智能(neng)化(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)特征(zheng)的新一輪科技(ji)革命，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)低空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)新型基礎設施(shi)和(he)低空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)飛行(xing)器創新發(fa)展(zhan)與廣泛應用(yong)(yong)提供了強大(da)動力。深圳等先行(xing)地(di)區的創新舉措和(he)實(shi)踐經(jing)驗，以及探索形成的新技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)新業態新模式，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)各地(di)發(fa)展(zhan)低空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)經(jing)濟提供了重要(yao)借鑒。
低空經濟發展的方向目標
作為綜(zong)合性強、前瞻引領作用(yong)突(tu)出(chu)的(de)戰(zhan)略性新興產業，低空經(jing)濟(ji)對現代(dai)化河(he)南(nan)建設具有(you)重要意義。
培育(yu)區域(yu)競爭新優勢(shi)。我省獲批建設全國(guo)第一個以航空(kong)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)為主題的(de)(de)功能區——鄭(zheng)州航空(kong)港經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)綜合實驗區，在(zai)航空(kong)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)方面具有(you)先(xian)發優勢(shi)且成(cheng)效(xiao)顯著，在(zai)已有(you)的(de)(de)探(tan)索實踐經(jing)驗基礎上，進一步豐(feng)富拓展(zhan)低空(kong)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)，有(you)利于鞏(gong)固提升(sheng)我省航空(kong)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)優勢(shi)，培育(yu)形成(cheng)新的(de)(de)區域(yu)競爭優勢(shi)。
提升公共服務(wu)現代化(hua)水平(ping)。低空(kong)飛(fei)行器具有(you)機(ji)動靈活、高效快捷、覆蓋面廣等(deng)(deng)優勢，為提高公共服務(wu)水平(ping)提供了新手段，在應急救援、醫(yi)療救護、搶險救災、人工影響天氣等(deng)(deng)領域均(jun)能(neng)發(fa)揮重要作用。無人機(ji)更是已經廣泛用于(yu)各種公務(wu)巡(xun)查和(he)(he)執法輔(fu)助，如生態環境監測、重點(dian)項目巡(xun)查等(deng)(deng)。通過低空(kong)飛(fei)行與數字化(hua)平(ping)臺的結合，可(ke)以實現“實時(shi)發(fa)現、實時(shi)推送、實時(shi)處置”功能(neng)，提高公共服務(wu)效率(lv)和(he)(he)質(zhi)量，降低公共服務(wu)成本(ben)。
開拓(tuo)科技(ji)創(chuang)新新賽場。低空經(jing)濟發(fa)展及其(qi)對各(ge)個行(xing)業(ye)的(de)滲透(tou)、與(yu)相關產業(ye)的(de)融合發(fa)展，本身(shen)就是科技(ji)進(jin)步的(de)過(guo)程，其(qi)進(jin)一步發(fa)展更需要持(chi)續不(bu)斷的(de)技(ji)術創(chuang)新來引領(ling)，這為我省(sheng)實施(shi)創(chuang)新驅動、優勢(shi)再造(zao)、數(shu)字化轉型(xing)及換(huan)道領(ling)跑等戰略提供了重(zhong)要抓手。無人機產業(ye)高速(su)發(fa)展要求(qiu)(qiu)大數(shu)據、數(shu)字孿生(sheng)、模擬仿真(zhen)等數(shu)字技(ji)術加快迭代更新。低空經(jing)濟帶來的(de)技(ji)術進(jin)步需求(qiu)(qiu)，有利于吸(xi)引集聚高端人才，激(ji)發(fa)創(chuang)新活力。
推動要素(su)聚集壯(zhuang)大(da)產業規模
應充分利(li)用我省的市(shi)場和(he)產業(ye)優勢，學習借鑒先行地區經驗(yan)，強化制度創新和(he)制度供給，加快推動(dong)高(gao)端(duan)要素(su)聚集，培(pei)育市(shi)場主體(ti)，壯(zhuang)大產業(ye)規模，讓“低空飛起來(lai)(lai)、市(shi)場熱(re)起來(lai)(lai)、產業(ye)強起來(lai)(lai)”。
強化(hua)頂層(ceng)設(she)計，加強機制和政策(ce)創新。建(jian)立(li)政府主導、高位推動的(de)(de)領(ling)導機制，對全省(sheng)低空經濟發展進(jin)行系(xi)統謀劃部署。抓住(zhu)空域這個關鍵點構(gou)建(jian)縱向、橫(heng)向協同治理(li)機制。結合我省(sheng)實際，突出發展重點，制定出臺(tai)針(zhen)對性(xing)更強的(de)(de)產(chan)業扶(fu)持政策(ce)，完(wan)善(shan)政策(ce)扶(fu)持體系(xi)，強化(hua)政策(ce)優(you)勢。
建設低空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)天網，持續(xu)擴大優化(hua)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)域供(gong)給。聚焦“飛(fei)(fei)(fei)得(de)起(qi)來”這一個關鍵目標，加快低空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)域分(fen)類劃(hua)設，構建多層次低空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)網絡。以《民用(yong)無(wu)人(ren)駕駛航(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)器飛(fei)(fei)(fei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)理暫(zan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)條例》實施為(wei)契機，橫(heng)向拓(tuo)(tuo)展無(wu)人(ren)駕駛航(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)適飛(fei)(fei)(fei)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)域范圍，縱向拓(tuo)(tuo)展空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)域高(gao)度，擴大有人(ren)駕駛航(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)器可用(yong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)域。規劃(hua)建設低空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)航(hang)(hang)路航(hang)(hang)線，連點成網，實現分(fen)層分(fen)類運行(xing)(xing)(xing)。借助數字化(hua)、智能化(hua)等科技(ji)手段，持續(xu)擴大優化(hua)低空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)域容量，依托監管(guan)服務平臺建立“便(bian)捷飛(fei)(fei)(fei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)、一網通(tong)辦(ban)”的空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)域使用(yong)審批機制，實現低空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)域可計算、可通(tong)達和可運營。
完(wan)善地(di)面(mian)網絡，強化基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)障。兼顧當前(qian)和(he)長(chang)遠，統籌有人(ren)(ren)駕(jia)駛和(he)無人(ren)(ren)駕(jia)駛航(hang)空(kong)(kong)器需求(qiu)，科學布局地(di)面(mian)起降設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)，構建(jian)以骨干(gan)通用機場(chang)為綜合樞紐(niu)、直升(sheng)機起降場(chang)和(he)無人(ren)(ren)機起降點(dian)為末梢的多層次地(di)面(mian)保(bao)(bao)障網絡及(ji)配套(tao)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)。加(jia)快(kuai)骨干(gan)通用機場(chang)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，建(jian)成服務(wu)各種(zhong)低空(kong)(kong)飛行的綜合性、區域性樞紐(niu)和(he)產業集聚(ju)平(ping)臺。結(jie)合航(hang)空(kong)(kong)應(ying)急救援、醫療救護(hu)和(he)空(kong)(kong)中游覽等需求(qiu)，合理劃設(she)(she)(she)和(he)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)直升(sheng)機起降場(chang)。適應(ying)無人(ren)(ren)機快(kuai)速發展需要，有序推進(jin)(jin)(jin)智慧型、共享型新型起降設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。同(tong)步推進(jin)(jin)(jin)信息基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)空(kong)(kong)、地(di)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)協同(tong)高(gao)效運行。
拓展應(ying)(ying)用(yong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)景，打(da)造(zao)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展陣地。市場(chang)(chang)(chang)需求(qiu)(qiu)是推動戰略性新(xin)(xin)興產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)高效發(fa)展的(de)關鍵(jian)，商業(ye)(ye)(ye)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)是拉(la)動新(xin)(xin)興產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展壯大(da)的(de)有效途(tu)徑(jing)。低空經濟大(da)量需求(qiu)(qiu)來(lai)自(zi)公共服(fu)務(wu)領(ling)域，這為政府(fu)加(jia)(jia)快產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)培(pei)育提(ti)供了(le)有利條件。系(xi)統(tong)梳理(li)政府(fu)部門服(fu)務(wu)需求(qiu)(qiu)，統(tong)籌整合(he)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)資源，加(jia)(jia)大(da)力度(du)開(kai)發(fa)開(kai)放(fang)公共服(fu)務(wu)領(ling)域應(ying)(ying)用(yong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)景，促(cu)進(jin)新(xin)(xin)項(xiang)目新(xin)(xin)技(ji)術引進(jin)和本(ben)土市場(chang)(chang)(chang)主(zhu)體培(pei)育。結(jie)合(he)我省省情特點，優先打(da)造(zao)無人(ren)機(ji)(ji)物(wu)流配送、無人(ren)機(ji)(ji)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)服(fu)務(wu)等(deng)領(ling)域的(de)特色應(ying)(ying)用(yong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)景，大(da)力培(pei)育示范性商業(ye)(ye)(ye)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)景，激發(fa)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)潛力。積極申建城市物(wu)流配送和智慧農業(ye)(ye)(ye)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)景的(de)無人(ren)駕駛航空試驗區(qu)，打(da)造(zao)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)集聚發(fa)展新(xin)(xin)平臺。通過拓展豐富應(ying)(ying)用(yong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)景，打(da)造(zao)需求(qiu)(qiu)和技(ji)術雙向互動的(de)陣地，促(cu)進(jin)低空經濟與相(xiang)關產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)深度(du)融合(he)發(fa)展，催生新(xin)(xin)產(chan)品、新(xin)(xin)服(fu)務(wu)和新(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)態。
以無(wu)人機(ji)(ji)(ji)為突(tu)破(po)，加(jia)快發展低空(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)造產(chan)(chan)業(ye)。無(wu)人駕駛航(hang)空(kong)器(qi)對有人駕駛航(hang)空(kong)器(qi)的(de)逐步替代(dai)漸成(cheng)趨勢(shi)，深圳等(deng)地(di)的(de)實踐表明無(wu)人機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)低空(kong)經濟(ji)的(de)主(zhu)導產(chan)(chan)業(ye)、大(da)(da)有可為。尤其是(shi)《民用無(wu)人駕駛航(hang)空(kong)器(qi)飛行(xing)(xing)管(guan)理暫(zan)行(xing)(xing)條(tiao)例》正式施行(xing)(xing)，制(zhi)(zhi)造領域的(de)強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)性標(biao)準和民航(hang)相(xiang)關(guan)規章將(jiang)陸續出臺，對制(zhi)(zhi)造與(yu)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)全(quan)鏈(lian)條(tiao)規范，這將(jiang)提(ti)(ti)高行(xing)(xing)業(ye)準入(ru)門檻、引發產(chan)(chan)業(ye)布局(ju)調整(zheng)，為我省發揮后發優(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)提(ti)(ti)供了契機(ji)(ji)(ji)。我們(men)應搶抓這一機(ji)(ji)(ji)遇，加(jia)快引進(jin)一批帶動(dong)(dong)性強(qiang)的(de)優(you)(you)(you)質產(chan)(chan)業(ye)項(xiang)目(mu)。同時，支(zhi)持省內相(xiang)關(guan)企(qi)業(ye)提(ti)(ti)升配套能力，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)各(ge)環節協同發展，做強(qiang)做優(you)(you)(you)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)。支(zhi)持省內無(wu)人機(ji)(ji)(ji)和小型運(yun)動(dong)(dong)飛機(ji)(ji)(ji)、模(mo)擬(ni)機(ji)(ji)(ji)等(deng)制(zhi)(zhi)造企(qi)業(ye)提(ti)(ti)質升級，加(jia)快發展壯大(da)(da)。
構建創新(xin)(xin)生(sheng)態(tai)，增強科技(ji)(ji)引領支(zhi)撐。加大投入力度支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)構建低空(kong)經濟創新(xin)(xin)生(sheng)態(tai)，更好地發揮這一(yi)新(xin)(xin)興經濟形(xing)態(tai)對新(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)術的吸納(na)、轉化和(he)(he)引領作(zuo)用(yong)。鼓勵支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)成長期的科技(ji)(ji)型(xing)企業(ye)主持(chi)(chi)或參與重大科技(ji)(ji)、重點(dian)研(yan)(yan)發專項，選育優質創新(xin)(xin)創業(ye)項目。加快布局建設高能(neng)(neng)級創新(xin)(xin)平臺載(zai)體，高水平建設無人機(ji)綜合(he)驗證(zheng)場。以需求為導向布局前沿性(xing)技(ji)(ji)術創新(xin)(xin)，推進低空(kong)航路智能(neng)(neng)規(gui)劃和(he)(he)管(guan)理、低空(kong)導航通(tong)信、無人機(ji)新(xin)(xin)材(cai)料、新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源、智能(neng)(neng)傳感器、任務載(zai)荷設備(bei)等(deng)方面的研(yan)(yan)發和(he)(he)成果轉化，前瞻(zhan)開展電(dian)動垂直(zhi)起降飛(fei)行(xing)器有關技(ji)(ji)術探索，開辟未來城市交通(tong)新(xin)(xin)篇(pian)章。（作(zuo)者單位：河南民航發展投資集團有限公(gong)司）